Sonia Delaunay

A new-to-me artist today: Sonia Delaunay

Sonia Delaunay, 1914, Prismes électriques
oil on canvas, 250 x 250 cm
Musée National d'Art Moderne

An art collector in my art club named the works on the wall behind him today, and one was by Sonia Delaunay. I say new-to-me, as I don't remember her name, but when I googled her, I wondered if I had been exposed to her work before (at the Centre Pompidou in Paris).

Sonia Delaunay, Rythme, 1938
oil on canvas, 182 x 149 cm,
Musée National d'Art Moderne
Centre Pompidou, Paris

Sonia Delaunay
wearing Casa Sonia creations
Madrid, c.1918-20

Sonia Delaunay (1885-1979) was a Russian-born French artist who spent most of her working life in Paris. She was part of the School of Paris and co-founded the Orphism art movement, noted for its use of strong colours and geometric shapes, with her husband Robert Delaunay and others. 

Sonia Delaunay was the first living female artist to have a retrospective exhibition at the Louvre in 1964. Her modern design included the concepts of geometric abstraction, and the integration of furniture, fabrics, wall coverings, and clothing into her art practice.

In 1967 (25 February – 5 April) she was a part of an exhibition of artist-decorated cars entitled 'Cinq voitures personnalisées par cinq artistes contemporains' ('Five Cars Personalized by Five Contemporary Artists') organized by the journal Réalités as a fundraiser for French medical research. She designed the pattern for a Matra 530 by experimenting with optical effects causing the car to recompose the pattern into a light blue shade when in motion 'so as not to attract other drivers' attention to the point of causing accidents through distraction. See pic below. 

Sonia Delaunay Was a Multimedia Artist Before the Term Was Invented - 1000 Museums

One for the Ages: Sonia Delaunay’s Wearable Abstractions - NY Times

‘Sonia Delaunay: Living Art’ Review: Radiantly Modern - WSJ

Sonia Delaunay on Wikipedia

Sonia Delaunay or Robert Delaunay
(or both), 1921-22
published in Der Sturm
Volume 13, Number 3, 5 March 1922

Mondial de l automobile de Paris
(October 2006)

Sonia Delaunay, Blaise Cendrars, 1913,
La prose du Transsibérien et de la Petite Jehanne de France
(illustrated book)

The Well of Loneliness by Radclyffe Hall

 One of my book clubs introduced me to this book, which I really enjoyed. I listened to the Audible audiobook.

Source: Wikipedia

The Well of Loneliness is a lesbian novel by British author Radclyffe Hall. It follows the life of Stephen Gordon, an Englishwoman from an upper-class family whose "sexual inversion" (homosexuality) is apparent from an early age. It was published in 1928.

She finds love with Mary Llewellyn, whom she meets while serving as an ambulance driver during the First World War, but their happiness together is marred by social isolation and rejection.

Publicity over The Well of Loneliness's legal battles increased the visibility of lesbians in British and American culture. For decades it was the best-known lesbian novel in English, and often the first source of information about lesbianism that young people could find.

The novel was subject to great criticism in its time but has come to be recognized as a classic of queer literature.

The author, circa 1930

Interesting resources:

The Well of Loneliness: The book that could corrupt a nation - BBC (great images!)

Why Was The Well of Loneliness by Radclyffe Hall Put on Trial? - super interesting, including how Ernest Hemingway, TS Eliot, EM Forster, Virginia Woolf and others protested against suppressing the book and spoke in her defense (great photos!)

I haven't been exposed to queer literature and the history of lesbianism, let alone from that era, so there was a lot for me to learn with this book. I recommend it. 

Leo Tolstoy articles - great resource

Leo Tolstoy at age 20, c. 1848

In looking for articles on  Leo Tolstoy, I discovered leo-tolstoy.com - it's a great site, and I loved this:

This is not an official site of Leo Tolstoy. Such a great person as Tolstoy cannot have an official website. But we are trying to collect all the most useful and interesting information about the life and work of Leo Tolstoy.

I've started to scour the site and have saved articles that jumped out at me below. 

I will add to this list as I explore (this is really for myself). 

Articles

Iconic Characters in Leo Tolstoy’s Literary Universe

Leo Tolstoy: Life Events that Shaped his Literary Journey

Leo Tolstoy’s Complex Family Dynamics: A Closer Look

Read about My Tolstoy Adventure

Tolstoy: The Cossacks

In my Tolstoy book club today, discussing The Cossacks. 

Leo Tolstoy began work on the short novel in August 1853. In August 1857, after having reread the Iliad, he vowed to completely rewrite The Cossacks. In February 1862, after having lost badly at cards he finished the novel to help pay his debts. The novel was published in 1863, in the popular literary magazine The Russian Messenger. 

Tolstoy in 1908

The Cossacks is believed to be somewhat autobiographical, partially based on Tolstoy's experiences in the Caucasus during the last stages of the Caucasian War. Tolstoy had a wild time in his youth, engaging in numerous promiscuous partners, heavy drinking and gambling problems; many argue Tolstoy used his own past as inspiration for the protagonist Olenin.

Overall, enjoying the discussion on this one. Lots on his descriptive language. 

From my hunt for articles on this work: 

Creation history and plot of Tolstoy’s story “The Cossacks”

Read about My Tolstoy Adventure. 

Alexander Litovchenko (1835-1890)
Portrait of a Cossack,
Wikipedia

I went hunting for a definition of the Cossacks: 

The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic Orthodox Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. 

Historically, they were a semi-nomadic and semi-militarized people, who, while under the nominal suzerainty of various Eastern European states at the time, were allowed a great degree of self-governance in exchange for military service. 

The Cossack way of life persisted via both direct descendants and acquired ideals in other nations into the twentieth century, though the sweeping societal changes of the Russian Revolution disrupted Cossack society as much as any other part of Russia. 

Many Cossacks migrated to other parts of Europe following the establishment of the Soviet Union, while others remained and assimilated into the Communist state. Cohesive Cossack-based units were organized and many fought for both Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during World War II. (Wikipedia)